4.1 International economics
- 4.1.1 Globalisation
- 4.1.2 Specialisation and trade
- 4.1.3 Pattern of trade
- 4.1.4 Terms of trade
- 4.1.5 Trading blocs and the World Trade Organisation (WTO)
- 4.1.6 Restrictions on free trade
- 4.1.7 Balance of payments
- 4.1.8 Exchange rates
- 4.1.9 International competitiveness
4.2 Poverty and inequality
- 4.2.1 Absolute and relative poverty
- 4.2.2 Inequality
4.3 Emerging and developing economies
- 4.3.1 Measures of development
- 4.3.2 Factors influencing growth and development
- 4.3.3 Strategies influencing growth and development
4.4 The financial sector
- 4.4.1 Role of financial markets
- 4.4.2 Market failure in the financial sector
- 4.4.3 Role of central banks
4.5 Role of the state in the macroeconomy
- 4.5.1 Public expenditure
- 4.5.2 Taxation
- 4.5.3 Public sector finances
- 4.5.4 Macroeconomic policies in a global context